The role of ChatGPT in clinical practice: perceptions, expectations and future implications amongst the clinical faculty

Abstract

Background & Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming various industries, including healthcare. ChatGPT, introduced by OpenAI, is an advanced AI model with potential applications in medical practice. However, its reliability and effectiveness in clinical settings remain under investigation. This study explored the perspectives of healthcare professionals regarding the integration of ChatGPT in clinical practice, focusing on perceptions, expectations, and implications.

Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 15th September 2023 till 30th June 2024, using semi-structured interviews with a total of 17 clinical faculty members. The study primarily utilizes an inductive methodology, concentrating on the extraction and analysis of the contextual insights obtained from comprehensive, face-to-face interviews conducted with consultants in diverse medical fields at Khyber Teaching Hospital. Thematic analysis was performed to identify key insights.

Results: Clinicians demonstrated varied awareness of ChatGPT, with some utilizing it for research purposes while others remained unfamiliar. Concerns regarding credibility, ethical considerations, and the potential for AI-driven misinformation were highlighted. While ChatGPT was viewed as a supportive tool in clinical workflows, reliance on AI for decision-making was questioned. Future integration requires structured implementation, training, and regulatory measures for AI. Participants emphasized the need for structured implementation, which includes safe incorporation of ChatGPT into clinical practice, formal training should enhance digital literacy and critical evaluation skills. AI tools should be incorporated into electronic medical records (EMRs) with real-time clinician oversight. A compact ethical and legal guidelines should be made to define responsibility, and pilot testing in controlled settings.

Conclusion: ChatGPT holds promise for clinical practice, yet its adoption necessitates cautious implementation, clinician training, and regulatory oversight to ensure safe and ethical usage.