Factors influencing selection of anesthesiology as a career specialty by residents in Postgraduate Medical Institute Quetta

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the factors influencing the selection of anesthesiology as a future career by the residents at Postgraduate Medical Institute Quetta (PGMIQ).

Methodology: After obtaining ethical approval from Post Graduate Medical Institute (PGMI), Quetta this sequential mixed-method study was conducted for a period of six months from 1st of January, 2024 to 30th June, 2024, to investigate the factors influencing the selection of anesthesiology by Postgraduate residents. In the first phase 36 postgraduates were administered a questionnaire to quantify the influencing factors. Chi-square tests (p<0.05) assessed gender associations. This was followed by a second phase in which in-depth interviews were conducted to get the qualitative insight of the first quantitative phase.

Results: Out of 36 residents of PGMIQ, 19 (53%) showed personal interest, 11 (31%) showed mentor influence as the primary motivating factor. As far as practice was concerned, 33(91%) preferred practice in academic facility and 26 (72%) were motivated to integrate research in their future practice. It was also noted that 33 (91.7%) were planning for specialization in subspecialities of anesthesia with significant gender association. The plan for future practice varied, 18(50%) were planning to pursue in same institution, 4(11%) wanted to move to different institutions but within the province, whereas 5(13.9%) intended to move to other provinces and 9(25%) wanted to leave for abroad. During Qualitative phase, four key themes were revealed. First theme was career motivation which was driven by global deficiency of anesthetists and lifesaving aspects of anesthesia during difficult procedures. Second theme emerged as the professional deterrent “inequity & dependency” which was supported by their response as poor remuneration, dependency on surgeon and stigmatized labels like . Thirdly, Systemic improvements were suggested, such as student mentorship and government support for subspecialties and equipment. Finally, Professional Standards emphasized the urgent need to ban unqualified practitioners to ensure patient safety and elevate the specialty.

Conclusion: Analysis revealed that the primary driving factor in selecting anesthesiology as a specialty was the residents’ intrinsic fascination with the field, coupled with their desire to pursue a career in research and academia.