The prevalence of dental agenesis among children with cleft lip and palate patients in Lahore, Pakistan

Naauman Zaheer; Maliha  Shahbaz; Usman Zaheer; Amjad H Wyne

doi:10.12669/pjms.40.3.7997

Naauman Zaheer Oral Biology Department, Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences
Maliha Shahbaz Oral Biology Department, Lahore Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan PhD scholar Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
Usman Zaheer 3. Associate Professor, Orthodontics Department, Lahore Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
Amjad H Wyne 4. Professor, Pediatric Dentistry Department, CMH Lahore Medical College & Institute of Dentistry, National University of Medical Sciences.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7997

Keywords: Bilateral cleft (CLPB), Cleft lip and palate (CLP), Cone bean computed tomography (CBCT), Hypodontia, Midline cleft (CLPM), Prevalence, Tooth agenesis

Abstract

Objective: This retrospective, cross-sectional analytical study investigated the incidence of tooth agenesis in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) radiographs of the CLP children were examined for congenitally missing teeth.

Method: This study was conducted at three radiology centers in Lahore, namely, the Pakistan Jinnah MRI and Body Scan Centre, the University of Lahore Radiology Centres, and Fatima Memorial Hospital, from September 2021 to August 2022. The CLP patients were divided into four groups based on the location of the cleft: Cleft Lip and Palate Right (CLPR), Cleft Lip and Palate Left (CLPL), Bilateral Cleft (CLPB), and Midline Cleft (CLPM), inside and outside the cleft region. Two-way ANOVA was employed to compare the means of agenesis. Tukey’s test was utilized to ascertain where the difference lies. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: Moreover, a significant number of missing teeth were found inside the cleft. This study observed the CLPL (42.3%) and CLPR (13.6%) types more in number. Maxillary first premolars were found more missing outside the cleft region in CLPL and CLPB types. Although CLPB and CLPM types revealed a pattern of missing teeth, only a few cases were found in this study. Moreover, mean tooth agenesis was highest (4.5 SD.71) in the CLPM group, followed up by CLPB (2.75 SD 2.49), CLPR (1.23 SD 1.27), and CLPL Group (1.15 SD 1.12).

Conclusions: Unilateral cleft lip and palate patients reported significant agenesis patttern compared to bilateral and median cleft cases.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7997

How to cite this: Zaheer N, Shabaz M, Zaheer U, Wyne AH. The prevalence of dental agenesis among children with cleft lip and palate patients in Lahore, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):421-426. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.7997

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